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Table of Contents
ionic
- ionic 的 核心 是针对 hybrid app 的 前端 view 框架, 用来对不同的 mobile 平台提供 best practice 的设计, 类似 bootstrap 之于浏览器
- 同时 ionic 包含了 angularjs, 来实现前端的 model 和 controller 级别的功能.
- 另外 ionic 有一套命令行工具,
- 工具既包括 ionic 的 scaffolding 功能
- 又集成了 cordova (cordova 需要额外安装), 以实现 android 和 ios 的应用打包
- 但是 android 和 ios 的打包的环境都需要额外安装 (android 命令行工具(android sdk tool), android sdk(4.4), xcode, etc)
非 ionic 的 angular
使用 ios/android 的虚拟机
$ cd myApp
$ ionic platform add ios
$ ionic build ios
$ ionic emulate ios
Customizing Ionic With Sass (Build, gulp)
- 注意，不需安装
sass gem，这里会用libsass！
# 开启 sass 支持
$ ionic setup sass
$ ionic serve
使用 fontello
$ cp /tmp/fontello-xxx app/www/lib/fontello app/www/lib/fontello/css $ ln -s fontello.css _fontello.scss app/www/lib/fontello/css $ sed -i '#../font/#../lib/fontello/font/#' fontello.css $ vi app/scss/ionic.app.scss # 在 @import ionic 之后 // import extend icons from fontello // @todo but fontello is not sass, need to update "path" once updated // ../font/ -> ../lib/fontello/font/ @import "www/lib/fontello/css/fontello"; #### 到此结束，以下是注释 #### # 必须 sed 替换 fontello 的路径，否则会找不到 # ionicon 由于是用 sass，它修改路径的做法是在 ionic.app.scss 中声明 // The path for our ionicons font files, relative to the built CSS in www/css $ionicons-font-path: "../lib/ionic/fonts" !default;
tips
- Kitchen Sink: http://codepen.io/ionic/public-list/
- 使用代理:
- ionic:
alias ionic="PROXY=http://proxy-mu.intel.com:911 ionic"
- export
export http_proxy=http://proxy-mu.intel.com:911 export https_proxy=http://proxy-mu.intel.com:911
- 还不行就需修改 cordova
- cordova 说会用 npm 的 proxy 配置但好像不行
- 不知道为什么使用 angular 的
$q(function() {})会出现$q is not a function的错误, 只能用$q.defer()的方法. AngularJS: API: $q- 而 ionic 中的
$http好像也不正常, 尝试在$stateProvider的resolve中使用, 结果返回疑似response对象, 而非resolve后的结果 - 但是 restangular 和 本地 cache 如何配合还未找到 best practice, angular 自身提供 cache （一个介绍： Jason Dobry : Power up Angular's $http service with caching）
- 而 restangular 也是支持 angular 原生的 cache 的
读 restangular 的 faq：https://github.com/mgonto/restangular#faq- 用了 restangular 后，service 应该只是 restangular 的包装，不包含逻辑 (Decoupled Restangular Service)
// Declare factory module.factory('Users', function(Restangular) { return Restangular.service('users'); }); // In your controller you inject Users Users.one(2).get() // GET to /users/2 Users.post({data}) // POST to /users // GET to /users Users.getList().then(function(users) { var user = users[0]; // user === {id: 1, name: "Tonto"} user.name = "Gonto"; // PUT to /users/1 user.put(); })
- angular 的
$http请求默认accept: 'application/json, text/plain, */*', 而 express 可用 res.format 来实现一个 controller 对 web/API 返回不同数据的功能
res.format({ text: function(){ res.send('hey'); }, html: function(){ res.send('hey'); }, json: function(){ res.send({ message: 'hey' }); } });
- 如果要列表显示很多数据 (如通讯录), 则应使用 Collection Repeat
- 模板使用
<script type=“text/ng-template” id=“page-name”>will add the template to the template cache, and save us the request - ActionSheet 是针对某个条目弹出的操作(action)列表(sheet)的 widget Understanding Action Sheets | Formulas | Learn Ionic
- ionic 使用多级 nested state 可参考 Build an App with Navigation and Routing - Part 2 | Formulas | Learn Ionic, 可直接看教程最底部的 Scratchpad:
- 使用 UI router 时有以下一些 best practice
- 在 view 中使用
ui-sref而非href - 使用
<ion-tabs>布局时, 每个<ion-tab>中都要是一个有 name 的<ion-nav-view name=“tab-foo”>
<ion-tabs>在进入 tab 的深层页面隐藏 tab-bar 可使用ng-class=“{'tabs-item-hide': notFrontPage()}”- 关于 iphone 到底要用 320px 还是 640px
- 物理设备的尺寸是 320px，所以 layout 的设计需要在 320px 的标准下设计 What screen size should we use for iOS app? - Ionic
- 但是 retina 技术使得 1px 可以显示 2px 的内容，所以 图片 等资源需要用 640px 的标准
- 反正我的理解是这样，暂未找详细资料 — Xiaopei Li 2014/08/22 07:03
- 成哥之前的做法是在 layout 中使用 em，而不同 platform 设置 em 为不同的 px
- iphone ‘’add to screen‘’ 不显示 safari 地址栏和导航栏
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/> - flash message: angular/ionic 中没有类似 rails 的全局 flash notice message 功能，实现可参考以下方法
-
- 这个例子只是显示 loading indicator，做法如下
<ion-header-bar class="bar-positive"> ... </ion-header-bar> <!-- 在 header 和 content 间加一个 loading-bar，在 isLoading 时显示 --> <div class="bar bar-loading bar-assertive" ng-if="data.isLoading"> Loading... </div> <!-- content 在 isLoading 时增加 class --> <ion-content ng-class="{'has-loading': data.isLoading}"> ... </ion-content>
.has-header.has-loading { /* 44px (header) + 24px(loading bar) */ top: 68px; }
- wmluke/angular-flash 是 angular modules 中最流行的 flash module
- 优点：采用 pub/sub 模式，定义了一系列消息类型，不同的 directive 可显示不同类型的消息
- 缺点：紧耦合 bootstrap，包含一系列动画效果，无法直接在 ionic 中使用，无法自定义样式
-
- 可以说是上种方法的简易版，使用 service 包装了 flash，实现了 pub/sub 模型，消息是队列，route 改变时清空
-
ionic-cliv1.2.5 升级 ionic 的ionic lib update命令是坏的bower install some-package会同时把bower.json中的其他 packages 都 install 了，不该这样，但原因没找到。如果要 干净地 用bower install，可以先删除bower.json- 如果需要将数据 按行列 填入表格显示 (row, column)，则应数据与逻辑分离，先 在 controller 里 或 在 view 里用 filter 将原始数据 partition，再在 template
ng-repeat row、ng-repeat col。参考：angularjs - how to split the ng-repeat data with three columns using bootstrap - Stack Overflow - 如果要在 ionic 中使用 cordova 的功能，可使用：ngCordova - Simple extensions for common Cordova Plugins - by the Ionic Framework Team - by the Ionic Framework Team
- 如 OAuth OAuth with Ionic and ngCordova
- 使用
ng-pattern做验证（像验证 email 时），会出现一输入就报错的问题。一般有两种方法解决ng-model-options=“{ updateOn: 'blur' }”<p ng-show=“form.field.$touched && form.field.$invalid”>Error</p>
Google Analytics
GA 的用法见 ga
安装
- 加载这两个脚本
- 在 angular 中配置
angular.module('myApp', [ 'angulartics', 'angulartics.google.analytics' ]); - 在 index.html 中还是要加载 GA 脚本
... ga('create', 'UA-XXXXXXXX-X', 'none'); // 'none' while you are working on localhost ga('send', 'pageview'); // 删除这行！ </script> - angulartics 会自动处理 SPA 的路由，看 GA 已经有数据了
AngularUI Router
Ionic(ion-nav-view) uses the AngularUI Router module so app interfaces can be organized into various “states”.
ion-nav-view is equivalent to ui-view. On top of that, ion-nav-view provides for animations, history, and more.
The simplest form of state
<!-- in index.html --> <body ng-controller="MainCtrl"> <section ui-view></section> </body>
// in app-states.js (or whatever you want to name it) $stateProvider.state('contacts', { template: '<h1>My Contacts</h1>' })
When a state is activated, its templates are automatically inserted into the ui-view of its parent state's template.
how to activate a state
There are three main ways to activate a state:
- Call $state.go(). High-level convenience method.
- Click a link containing the ui-sref directive.
- Navigate to the url associated with the state.
templates configuration
$stateProvider.state('contacts', { // 可以返回内容 template: '<h1>My Contacts</h1>' // or templateProvider: function ($timeout, $stateParams) { return $timeout(function () { return '<h1>' + $stateParams.contactId + '</h1>' }, 100); } // 也可以返回模板 URL templateUrl: 'contacts.html' // or templateUrl: function ($stateParams){ return '/partials/contacts.' + $stateParams.filterBy + '.html'; } })
controllers configuration
$stateProvider.state('contacts', { template: ..., // define a controller controller: function($scope){ $scope.title = 'My Contacts'; } // a defined controller controller: 'ContactsCtrl' // controllerAs syntax controller: 'ContactsCtrl as contact' // dynamically return a controller function or string controllerProvider: function($stateParams) { var ctrlName = $stateParams.type + "Controller"; return ctrlName; } })
resolve
另外有一种写法, 是通过 resolve (一个 key 和 factory 的 mapping) 加载若干依赖/调用若干服务 (typical usage 是 factory 用 promise). 而 controller 只是做一个 “依赖到 $scope 的 mapping”. 详见 wiki#resolve. 很好用 
示例如下:
$stateProvider.state('myState', { resolve:{ // Example using function with simple return value. // Since it's not a promise, it resolves immediately. simpleObj: function(){ return {value: 'simple!'}; }, // Example using function with returned promise. // This is the typical use case of resolve. // You need to inject any services that you are // using, e.g. $http in this example promiseObj: function($http){ // $http returns a promise for the url data return $http({method: 'GET', url: '/someUrl'}); }, // Another promise example. If you need to do some // processing of the result, use .then, and your // promise is chained in for free. This is another // typical use case of resolve. promiseObj2: function($http){ return $http({method: 'GET', url: '/someUrl'}) .then (function (data) { return doSomeStuffFirst(data); }); }, // Example using a service by name as string. // This would look for a 'translations' service // within the module and return it. // Note: The service could return a promise and // it would work just like the example above translations: "translations", // Example showing injection of service into // resolve function. Service then returns a // promise. Tip: Inject $stateParams to get // access to url parameters. translations2: function(translations, $stateParams){ // Assume that getLang is a service method // that uses $http to fetch some translations. // Also assume our url was "/:lang/home". return translations.getLang($stateParams.lang); }, // Example showing returning of custom made promise greeting: function($q, $timeout){ var deferred = $q.defer(); $timeout(function() { deferred.resolve('Hello!'); }, 1000); return deferred.promise; } }, // The controller waits for every one of the above items to be // completely resolved before instantiation. For example, the // controller will not instantiate until promiseObj's promise has // been resolved. Then those objects are injected into the controller // and available for use. controller: function($scope, simpleObj, promiseObj, promiseObj2, translations, translations2, greeting){ $scope.simple = simpleObj.value; // You can be sure that promiseObj is ready to use! $scope.items = promiseObj.items; $scope.items = promiseObj2.items; $scope.title = translations.getLang("english").title; $scope.title = translations2.title; $scope.greeting = greeting; } })
Attach Custom Data to State Objects
// Example shows an object-based state and a string-based state var contacts = { name: 'contacts', templateUrl: 'contacts.html', data: { customData1: 5, customData2: "blue" } } $stateProvider .state(contacts) .state('contacts.list', { templateUrl: 'contacts.list.html', data: { customData1: 44, customData2: "red" } }) // In any controller you could access the data like this: function Ctrl($state){ console.log($state.current.data.customData1) // outputs 5; console.log($state.current.data.customData2) // outputs "blue"; }
events
- 每个 state 都有
onEnter and onExit callbacks - State Change Events
$stateChangeStartfired when the transition begins.$stateNotFound- v0.3.0 - fired when a requested state cannot be found using the provided state name during transition.$stateChangeSuccess- fired once the state transition is complete.$stateChangeError- fired when an error occurs during transition.
- View Load Events
$viewContentLoading- fired once the view begins loading, before the DOM is rendered. The$scopebroadcasts the event.$viewContentLoaded- fired once the view is loaded, after the DOM is rendered. The$scopeof the view emits the event.
CSS
CSS Components - Ionic Framework
- Header
- Content
- Footer
- Buttons
- List
- Cards
- Forms
- Toggle
- Checkbox
- Radio Buttons
- Range
- Select
- Tabs
- Grid
- Utility
javascript (1.0.0-beta.11)
Javascript - Extend Ionic even further with the power of AngularJS - Ionic Framework
- Tabs
- ion-tabs
- ion-tab
- $ionicTabsDelegate
- Side Menus
- ion-side-menus
- ion-side-menu-content
- ion-side-menu
- menu-toggle
- menu-close
- $ionicSideMenuDelegate
- Navigation
- ion-nav-view
- ion-view
- ion-nav-bar
- ion-nav-buttons
- ion-nav-back-button
- nav-clear
- $ionicNavBarDelegate
- Headers/Footers
- ion-header-bar
- ion-footer-bar
- Content
- ion-content
- ion-refresher
- ion-pane
- Scroll
- ion-scroll
- ion-infinite-scroll
- $ionicScrollDelegate
- Lists
- ion-list
- ion-item
- ion-delete-button
- ion-reorder-button
- ion-option-button
- collection-repeat
- $ionicListDelegate
- Form Inputs
- ion-checkbox
- ion-radio
- ion-toggle
- Slide Box
- ion-slide-box
- $ionicSlideBoxDelegate
- Modal
- $ionicModal
- ionicModal
- Popover
- $ionicPopover
- ionicPopover
- Action Sheet
- $ionicActionSheet
- Popup
- $ionicPopup
- Loading
- $ionicLoading
- $ionicLoadingConfig
- Platform
- $ionicPlatform
- Events
- on-hold
- on-tap
- on-touch
- on-release
- on-drag
- on-drag-up
- on-drag-right
- on-drag-down
- on-drag-left
- on-swipe
- on-swipe-up
- on-swipe-right
- on-swipe-down
- on-swipe-left
- Gesture
- $ionicGesture
- Backdrop
- $ionicBackdrop
- Position
- $ionicPosition
- Utility
- ionic.Platform
- ionic.DomUtil
- ionic.EventController
- Tap & Click
- Keyboard
- Keyboard
- keyboard-attach
container
basics of angularjs
How to Learn AngularJS - Your AngularJS Sherpa | ng-newsletter
basics of Angular can be broken down into 5 major components:
- Directives
- Controllers
- Scopes
- Services
- Dependency Injection
核心概念: Directives
what is directive?
- A directive is simply a function that we run on a DOM element to give it added functionality. Directives make it possible to extend HTML with our own functionality
- All of the
ng-tags and attributes are Angular provided directives. ngClickin js andng-clickin HTML refer to the same thing, the idea is that it makes each code look better in context.
what directive to use?
- built-in directives provided by Angular: AngularJS: API: API Reference
- community built directives: Popular Modules - AngularJS Modules, Plugins and Directives
how to write new directives?
- four methods for invoking a directive
- As an attribute:
<span my-directive></span> - As a class:
<span class="my-directive: expression;"></span> - As an element:
<my-directive></my-directive> - As a comment:
<!-- directive: my-directive expression -->
How Angular Boots, Modules, Scopes, Controllers, Dependency Injection, Services
- When we include the Angular javascript into our HTML page, it will attach a method to the
DOMContentLoadedevent (this means that Angular will run when the page is done loading). - When the page has loaded, Angular will visit every element in your HTML document (i.e. it will traverse every element in the DOM).
- The very first directive Angular needs to find is the
ngAppdirective. Angular will bind our application to the element where it finds thengAppdirective. - Angular only applies functionality to child elements of
ngApp. - 一个
ngApp对应一个angular.module() angular.module()有 setter/getter 两种用法- setter:
angular.module('myApp', []); - getter:
angular.module('myApp'); - 两者都返回 module 对象, chainable
- scopes: AngularJS uses scopes to communicate between components - particularly between our javascript and our HTML. Scopes are the glue between our code and what the browser renders.
$scope variable可实现双向绑定
angular.module('myApp', []) .run(function($rootScope) { $rootScope.user = { email: 'ari@fullstack.io' }; $rootScope.message = "Welcome back"; }); // html // <input type="text" ng-model="message" placeholder="Enter a message" /> // <h3>{{ message }} {{ user.email }}</h3>
module.run()的 cb 设置了 $rootScope
angular.module('myApp', []) .run(function($rootScope) { // ... }
- 但要避免过度使用 $rootScope. Scope objects can be nested. Angular creates scopes in a variety of situations. For instance, a child scope is created for every controller.
- A controller is code that ties models to views using scopes
- html
<body ng-app='myApp'> <!-- We have access to the $rootScope here --> <h1>Welcome back {{ user.name }}</h1> <div ng-controller='HomeController'> <!-- in here, the $scope object of the HomeController will be used, but we still have access to the $rootScope object --> The HomeController thinks your name is {{ user.name }}, while the $rootScope thinks it's {{ $parent.user.name }}. </div> </body>
- js
angular.module('myApp', []) .run(function($rootScope) { $rootScope.user = { name: 'Ari' }; }) .controller('HomeController', function($scope) { $scope.user = { name: 'Nate' }; });
- view
Welcome back Ari The HomeController thinks your name is Nate, while the $rootScope thinks it's Ari.
- 以上是 angular 的 view 和 controller. 那 angular 怎么实现 model 的呢? 用
$http! - Angular comes bundled with a wrapper around the
XMLHttpRequest(also known asXHR, which is how you performAJAX) called$http. - Angular 还集成 Promise 处理 async 操作:
promise .then(function(data) { // Called when no errors have occurred with data }) .catch(function(err) { // Called when an error has occurred }) .finally(function(data) { // Called always, regardless of the output result })
- Dependency Injection / annotating
- angular 设置 controller 依赖关系的方法叫做 annotating
angular.module('myApp', []) .controller('HomeController', function($scope, $q) { // We have the $scope object and the $q object // available in here });
- 需要注意
.controller()设置的function()并不是 node.js 常用的 cb 模式, 而就是在定义一个 controller,function()的参数描述了 DI 关系, 而不是特定的 cb 的参数顺序 - The names have to match an existing object. 这就分为了 自定义的 和 built-in 的模块
- The module you want to use has to be required into the current module
// say we have some services... angular.module('fullstack.services', []) // some code that defines services here .service('WeatherService', function() { // define the weather service here }); ); // and we want to use those services in our controllers angular.module('fullstack.controllers', ['fullstack.services']) // now we have WeatherService available ); $scope,$q是 Angular built-ins so they’re already included- 但是普通 annotation 写法没法 minify, inline annotation 才能 minify, olov/ng-annotate 可用来转换两类写法
// 普通 annotation, 不能被 minify .controller('HomeController', function($q, $scope) { // inline annotation, 可被 minify .controller('HomeController', ['$scope', '$q', function($scope, $q) {
- Services are singleton objects that perform tasks common to several areas of the system.
- service 一般定义在 module 中, module
annote/DImodule, controllerannote/DIservice
it/ionic.txt · Last modified: 2015/12/09 10:43 by admin
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